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Compare Peru (2002) - Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2001)

Compare Peru (2002) z Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2001)

 Peru (2002)Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2001)
 PeruSaint Pierre and Miquelon
Administrative divisions 24 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento) and 1 constitutional province* (provincia constitucional); Amazonas, Ancash, Apurimac, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Callao*, Cusco, Huancavelica, Huanuco, Ica, Junin, La Libertad, Lambayeque, Lima, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Moquegua, Pasco, Piura, Puno, San Martin, Tacna, Tumbes, Ucayali


note: the 1979 constitution mandated the creation of regions (regiones, singular - region) to function eventually as autonomous economic and administrative entities; so far, 12 regions have been constituted from 23 of the 24 departments - Amazonas (from Loreto), Andres Avelino Caceres (from Huanuco, Pasco, Junin), Arequipa (from Arequipa), Chavin (from Ancash), Grau (from Tumbes, Piura), Inca (from Cusco, Madre de Dios, Apurimac), La Libertad (from La Libertad), Los Libertadores-Huari (from Ica, Ayacucho, Huancavelica), Mariategui (from Moquegua, Tacna, Puno), Nor Oriental del Maranon (from Lambayeque, Cajamarca, Amazonas), San Martin (from San Martin), Ucayali (from Ucayali); formation of another region has been delayed by the reluctance of the constitutional province of Callao to merge with the department of Lima; because of inadequate funding from the central government and organizational and political difficulties, the regions have yet to assume major responsibilities; the 1993 constitution retains the regions but limits their authority; the 1993 constitution also reaffirms the roles of departmental and municipal governments
none (territorial collectivity of France); note - there are no first-order administrative divisions approved by the US Government, but there are two communes - Saint Pierre, Miquelon
Age structure 0-14 years: 34% (male 4,820,892; female 4,671,205)


15-64 years: 61.1% (male 8,598,328; female 8,492,830)


65 years and over: 4.9% (male 627,601; female 738,783) (2002 est.)
0-14 years:
25.85% (male 917; female 874)

15-64 years:
64.22% (male 2,273; female 2,176)

65 years and over:
9.93% (male 291; female 397) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products coffee, cotton, sugarcane, rice, wheat, potatoes, corn, plantains, coca; poultry, beef, dairy products, wool; fish vegetables; poultry, cattle, sheep, pigs; fish
Airports 239 (2001) 2 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 49


over 3,047 m: 5


2,438 to 3,047 m: 20


1,524 to 2,437 m: 13


914 to 1,523 m: 9


under 914 m: 2 (2002)
total:
2

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 184


1,524 to 2,437 m: 23


914 to 1,523 m: 61


under 914 m: 100 (2002)
-
Area total: 1,285,220 sq km


land: 1.28 million sq km


water: 5,220 sq km
total:
242 sq km

land:
242 sq km

water:
0 sq km

note:
includes eight small islands in the Saint Pierre and the Miquelon groups
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Alaska 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Background Ancient Peru was the seat of several prominent Andean civilizations, most notably that of the Incas whose empire was captured by the Spanish conquistadores in 1533. Peruvian independence was declared in 1821, and remaining Spanish forces defeated in 1824. After a dozen years of military rule, Peru returned to democratic leadership in 1980, but experienced economic problems and the growth of a violent insurgency. President Alberto FUJIMORI's election in 1990 ushered in a decade that saw a dramatic turnaround in the economy and significant progress in curtailing guerrilla activity. Nevertheless, the president's increasing reliance on authoritarian measures and an economic slump in the late 1990s generated mounting dissatisfaction with his regime. FUJIMORI won reelection to a third term in the spring of 2000, but international pressure and corruption scandals led to his ouster by Congress in November of that year. A caretaker government oversaw new elections in the spring of 2001, which ushered in Alejandro TOLEDO as the new head of government. First settled by the French in the early 17th century, the islands represent the sole remaining vestige of France's once vast North American possessions.
Birth rate 23.36 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) 15.88 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $10.4 billion


expenditures: $10.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2002 est.) (2002 est.)
revenues:
$70 million

expenditures:
$60 million, including capital expenditures of $24 million (1996 est.)
Capital Lima Saint-Pierre
Climate varies from tropical in east to dry desert in west; temperate to frigid in Andes cold and wet, with much mist and fog; spring and autumn are windy
Coastline 2,414 km 120 km
Constitution 31 December 1993 28 September 1958 (French Constitution)
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Peru


conventional short form: Peru


local long form: Republica del Peru


local short form: Peru
conventional long form:
Territorial Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon

conventional short form:
Saint Pierre and Miquelon

local long form:
Departement de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon

local short form:
Saint-Pierre et Miquelon
Currency nuevo sol (PEN) French franc (FRF); euro (EUR)
Death rate 5.74 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) 6.64 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $33.1 billion (2001 est.) $NA
Dependency status - self-governing territorial collectivity of France
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador John R. DAWSON


embassy: Avenida La Encalada, Cuadra 17s/n, Surco, Lima 33


mailing address: P. O. Box 1995, Lima 1; American Embassy (Lima), APO AA 34031-5000


telephone: [51] (1) 434-3000


FAX: [51] (1) 434-3037
none (territorial collectivity of France)
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Roberto DANINO


chancery: 1700 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036


telephone: [1] (202) 833-9860 through 9869


FAX: [1] (202) 659-8124


consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Denver, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Paterson (New Jersey), San Francisco, Washington (DC)
none (territorial collectivity of France)
Disputes - international dispute with Chile over the economic zone delimited by the maritime boundary; Colombian drug activities penetrate Peruvian border area none
Economic aid - recipient $895.1 million (1995) (1995) approximately $65 million in annual grants from France
Economy - overview Thanks to strong foreign investment and the cooperation between the government and the IMF and World Bank, growth was strong in 1994-97 and inflation was brought under control. In 1998, El Nino's impact on agriculture, the financial crisis in Asia, and instability in Brazilian markets undercut growth. And 1999 was another lean year for Peru, with the aftermath of El Nino and the Asian financial crisis working its way through the economy. Political instability resulting from the presidential election and FUJIMORI's subsequent departure from office limited growth in 2000. The downturn in the global economy further depressed growth in 2001. President TOLEDO, who assumed the presidency in July 2001, is working to reinvigorate the economy and reduce unemployment. Economic growth in 2002 is projected to be 3 to 3.5%. The inhabitants have traditionally earned their livelihood by fishing and by servicing fishing fleets operating off the coast of Newfoundland. The economy has been declining, however, because of disputes with Canada over fishing quotas and a steady decline in the number of ships stopping at Saint Pierre. In 1992, an arbitration panel awarded the islands an exclusive economic zone of 12,348 sq km to settle a longstanding territorial dispute with Canada, although it represents only 25% of what France had sought. The islands are heavily subsidized by France to the great betterment of living standards. The government hopes an expansion of tourism will boost economic prospects.
Electricity - consumption 18.301 billion kWh (2000) 37.2 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2000) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2000) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 19.679 billion kWh (2000) 40 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 18%


hydro: 81%


nuclear: 0%


other: 1% (2000)
fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: Nevado Huascaran 6,768 m
lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Morne de la Grande Montagne 240 m
Environment - current issues deforestation (some the result of illegal logging); overgrazing of the slopes of the costa and sierra leading to soil erosion; desertification; air pollution in Lima; pollution of rivers and coastal waters from municipal and mining wastes NA
Environment - international agreements party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling


signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
-
Ethnic groups Amerindian 45%, mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 37%, white 15%, black, Japanese, Chinese, and other 3% Basques and Bretons (French fishermen)
Exchange rates nuevo sol per US dollar - 3.4400 (November 2001), 3.509 (2001), 3.4900 (2000), 3.3833 (1999), 2.9300 (1998), 2.6642 (1997) euros per US dollar - 1.06594 (January 2001), 1.08540 (2000), 0.93863 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997), 5.1155 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: President Alejandro TOLEDO Manrique (since 28 July 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government; additionally two vice presidents are provided for by the constitution, First Vice President Raul DIEZ Canseco (since 28 July 2001) and Second Vice President David WAISMAN (since 28 July 2001)


head of government: President Alejandro TOLEDO Manrique (since 28 July 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government; additionally two vice presidents are provided for by the constitution, First Vice President Raul DIEZ Canseco (since 28 July 2001) and Second Vice President David WAISMAN (since 28 July 2001)


note: Prime Minister Luis SOLARI DE LA FUENTE (since 12 July 2002) does not exercise executive power; this power is in the hands of the president; DANINO resigned 11 July 2002 and was replaced by Luis SOLARI


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; special presidential and congressional elections held 8 April 2001, with runoff election held 3 June 2001; next to be held 9 April 2006


election results: President Alejandro TOLEDO Manrique elected president in runoff election; percent of vote - Alejandro TOLEDO Manrique 53.1%, Alan GARCIA 46.9%
chief of state:
President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by Prefect Remi THUAU (since NA)

head of government:
President of the General Council Bernard LE SOAVEC (since NA 1996)

cabinet:
NA

elections:
French president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; election last held 7 May 1995 (next to be held NA May 2002); prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the General Council is elected by the members of the council
Exports $7.3 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.) $12 million (f.o.b., 1999)
Exports - commodities fish and fish products, gold, copper, zinc, crude petroleum and byproducts, lead, coffee, sugar, cotton fish and fish products, soybeans, animal feed, mollusks and crustaceans, fox and mink pelts
Exports - partners US 28%, UK 8%, Switzerland 8%, China 6%, Japan, Chile, Brazil (2000) US 43%, Egypt 14%, Japan 11%, Colombia 8% (1999)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side), white, and red with the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a shield bearing a vicuna, cinchona tree (the source of quinine), and a yellow cornucopia spilling out gold coins, all framed by a green wreath a yellow sailing ship facing the hoist side rides on a dark blue background with a black wave line under the ship; on the hoist side, a vertical band is divided into three parts: the top part is red with a green diagonal cross extending to the corners overlaid by a white cross dividing the square into four sections; the middle part has a white background with an ermine pattern; the third part has a red background with two stylized yellow lions outlined in black, one on top of the other; the flag of France is used for official occasions
GDP purchasing power parity - $132 billion (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $74 million (1996 est.); supplemented by annual payments from France of about $60 million
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 10%


industry: 35%


services: 55% (2001 est.)
agriculture:
NA%

industry:
NA%

services:
NA%
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $4,800 (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $11,000 (1996 est.)
GDP - real growth rate -0.3% (2001 est.) NA%
Geographic coordinates 10 00 S, 76 00 W 46 50 N, 56 20 W
Geography - note shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake, with Bolivia; remote Lake McIntyre is the ultimate source of the Amazon River vegetation scanty
Highways total: 72,900 km


paved: 8,700 km


unpaved: 64,200 km (1999 est.)
total:
114 km

paved:
69 km

unpaved:
45 km (1994 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 2%


highest 10%: 35% (1996) (1996)
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Illicit drugs until 1996 the world's largest coca leaf producer; emerging opium producer; cultivation of coca in Peru increased by 8% to 36,600 hectares between 2001 and the end of 2002; much of the cocaine base is shipped to neighboring Colombia for processing into cocaine, while finished cocaine is shipped out from Pacific ports to the international drug market; increasing amounts of base and finished cocaine, however, are being moved to Brazil and Bolivia for use in the Southern Cone or transshipped to Europe and Africa -
Imports $7.4 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.) $55 million (f.o.b., 1999)
Imports - commodities machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum, iron and steel, chemicals, pharmaceuticals meat, clothing, fuel, electrical equipment, machinery, building materials
Imports - partners US 27%, Chile 8%, Spain 6%, Venezuela 4%, Colombia, Brazil, Japan (2000) France 44%, Canada 40% (1999)
Independence 28 July 1821 (from Spain) none (territorial collectivity of France; has been under French control since 1763)
Industrial production growth rate 1.5% (2001 est.) NA%
Industries mining of metals, petroleum, fishing, textiles, clothing, food processing, cement, auto assembly, steel, shipbuilding, metal fabrication fish processing and supply base for fishing fleets; tourism
Infant mortality rate 38.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) 8.39 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1.5% (2001 est.) 2.1% (1991-96 average)
International organization participation ABEDA, APEC, CAN, CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAES, LAIA, MONUC, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO FZ, WFTU
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 10 (2000) 1 (2000)
Irrigated land 11,950 sq km (1998 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (judges are appointed by the National Council of the Judiciary) Superior Tribunal of Appeals or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel
Labor force 7.5 million (2000 est.) 3,000 (1997)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture, mining and quarrying, manufacturing, construction, transport, services fishing 18%, industry (mainly fish-processing) 41%, services 41% (1996 est.)
Land boundaries total: 5,536 km


border countries: Bolivia 900 km, Brazil 1,560 km, Chile 160 km, Colombia 1,496 km (est.), Ecuador 1,420 km
0 km
Land use arable land: 2.85%


permanent crops: 0.38%


other: 96.77% (1998 est.)
arable land:
13%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
4%

other:
83% (1993 est.)
Languages Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara French
Legal system based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction French law with special adaptations for local conditions, such as housing and taxation
Legislative branch unicameral Congress of the Republic of Peru or Congresso de la Republica del Peru (120 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 8 April 2001 (next to be held 9 April 2006)


election results: percent of vote by party - Peru Posible 26.3%, APRA 19.7%, Unidad Nacional 13.8%, FIM 11.0%, others 29.2%; seats by party - Peru Posible 47, APRA 28, Unidad Nacional 17, FIM 11, others 17
unicameral General Council or Conseil General (19 seats - 15 from Saint Pierre and 4 from Miquelon; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms)

elections:
elections last held NA April 2000 (next to be held NA April 2006)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA

note:
Saint Pierre and Miquelon elect 1 seat to the French Senate; elections last held NA September 1995 (next to be held NA September 2004); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - RPR 1; Saint Pierre and Miquelon also elects 1 seat to the French National Assembly; elections last held 25 May-1 June 1997 (next to be held NA 2002); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UDF 1
Life expectancy at birth total population: 70.59 years


male: 68.18 years


female: 73.12 years (2002 est.)
total population:
77.77 years

male:
75.51 years

female:
80.13 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 88.3%


male: 94.5%


female: 83% (1995 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
99%

male:
99%

female:
99% (1982 est.)
Location Western South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Chile and Ecuador Northern North America, islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, south of Newfoundland (Canada)
Map references South America North America
Maritime claims continental shelf: 200 NM


territorial sea: 200 NM
exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine total: 5 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 29,470 GRT/45,451 DWT


ships by type: cargo 4, petroleum tanker 1


note: includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: United States 1 (2002 est.)
none (2000 est.)
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of France
Military branches Army (Ejercito Peruano), Navy (Marina de Guerra del Peru; includes Naval Air, Marines, and Coast Guard), Air Force (Fuerza Aerea del Peru; FAP), National Police (includes General Police, Security Police, and Technical Police) -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $1 billion (FY01) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.8% (FY01) -
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 7,356,395 (2002 est.) -
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 4,944,952 (2002 est.) -
Military manpower - military age 17 years of age (2002 est.) -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 276,458 (2002 est.) -
National holiday Independence Day, 28 July (1821) Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Nationality noun: Peruvian(s)


adjective: Peruvian
noun:
Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman(women)

adjective:
French
Natural hazards earthquakes, tsunamis, flooding, landslides, mild volcanic activity persistent fog throughout the year can be a maritime hazard
Natural resources copper, silver, gold, petroleum, timber, fish, iron ore, coal, phosphate, potash, hydropower, natural gas fish, deepwater ports
Net migration rate -1.05 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) -4.91 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines crude oil 800 km; natural gas and natural gas liquids 64 km -
Political parties and leaders American Popular Revolutionary Alliance or APRA (now Peruvian Aprista Party or PAP as of April 2001) [Alan GARCIA]; Independent Moralizing Front or FIM [Fernando OLIVERA Vega]; National Unity (Unidad Nacional) or UN [Lourdes FLORES Nano]; Peru Posible or PP [Luis SOLARI]; Popular Action or AP [Javier DIAZ Orihuela]; Solucion Popular [Carlos BOLANA]; Somos Peru or SP [Alberto ANDRADE]; Union for Peru or UPP [Roger GUERRA Garcia] Rassemblement pour la Republique or RPR [leader NA]; Socialist Party or PS [leader NA]; Union pour la Democratie Francaise or UDF [leader NA]
Political pressure groups and leaders leftist guerrilla groups include Shining Path [Abimael GUZMAN Reynoso (imprisoned), Gabriel MACARIO (top leader at-large)]; Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement or MRTA [Victor POLAY (imprisoned), Hugo AVALLENEDA Valdez (top leader at-large)] NA
Population 27,949,639 (July 2002 est.) 6,928 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 50% (2000 est.) NA%
Population growth rate 1.66% (2002 est.) 0.43% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Callao, Chimbote, Ilo, Matarani, Paita, Puerto Maldonado, Salaverry, San Martin, Talara, Iquitos, Pucallpa, Yurimaguas


note: Iquitos, Pucallpa, and Yurimaguas are all on the upper reaches of the Amazon and its tributaries
Saint Pierre
Radio broadcast stations AM 472, FM 198, shortwave 189 (1999) AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios 6.65 million (1997) 4,000 (1997)
Railways total: 2,102 km


standard gauge: 1,695 km 1.435-m gauge


narrow gauge: 407 km 0.914-m gauge (2001)
0 km
Religions Roman Catholic 90% Roman Catholic 99%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female


total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
at birth:
1.06 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.73 male(s)/female

total population:
1.01 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: adequate for most requirements


domestic: nationwide microwave radio relay system and a domestic satellite system with 12 earth stations


international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); Pan American submarine cable
general assessment:
adequate

domestic:
NA

international:
radiotelephone communication with most countries in the world; 1 earth station in French domestic satellite system
Telephones - main lines in use 1.8 million (2000) 4,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 504,995 (1998) 0 (1994)
Television broadcast stations 13 (plus 112 repeaters) (1997) 0 (there are, however, two repeaters which rebroadcast programs from France, Canada, and the US) (1997)
Terrain western coastal plain (costa), high and rugged Andes in center (sierra), eastern lowland jungle of Amazon Basin (selva) mostly barren rock
Total fertility rate 2.89 children born/woman (2002 est.) 2.12 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 9%; widespread underemployment (2001 est.) 9.8% (1997)
Waterways 8,808 km


note: 8,600 km of navigable tributaries of Amazon system and 208 km of Lago Titicaca
none
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